FTP
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Going Further
There are various implementations of the FTP protocol available.
We shall implement FTP with a program called WS_FTP Limited
Edition (or WS_FTP LE), which is free for educators and
non-commercial home use. (WS_FTP Pro, which is not free,
is the version required for commercial use. Both are available
at the Ipswitch
website.)
Making an FTP Connection
We are going to illustrate the use of FTP by making an
"Anonymous FTP Access". This means an access to an FTP server
that allows "Anonymous" logins: anyone can log in and get
files by FTP, whether they have an account on that machine
or not. Such computers are called "Anonymous FTP Servers".
The server we are going to log into is in Finland (the
Internet doesn't care very much about national boundaries!),
and we are going to get a file containing some software;
computer types would say that we are going to "download"
a file.
Logging into the Server
Open the WS_FTP LE program by double clicking on its icon.
This will bring up a Session Profile screen like that in
the figure below that will let you login to the remote system.
Erase any entries in the fields of the main WS_FTP
LE Session Profile window and enter the following:
- In the "Host Name" field,
type ftp.funet.fi (the ".fi" ending on the IP address
tells us that this is a network in Finland.)
- Click in the box next to
"Anonymous Login" (the box should become checked)
- You should now see that
"anonymous" has appeared in the "User ID" field and "guest@unknown"
has appeared in the "Password" field. It is considered
a matter of courtesy to provide your email address when
you logon for anonymous ftp. So erase "guest@unknown"
and enter your own email address as the password.
- Leave the other fields
blank.
- Click the "O.K." button.
After giving the computer sufficient time to connect,
you should get a display screen that looks approximately
like the one shown below. As you connect and are logged
in, information returned from the server appears near the
bottom of the display, just above the row of buttons.
Finding the File
The list on the left side of this screen shows the directories
and files that are on your computer, and the list on the
right side of the display shows the directories and files
that are on the ftp server in Finland. We are now going
to change directories on the server to find the file that
we want to get. First double-click on the entry labeled
"pub" in the right side of the display. This is a directory,
and double clicking on it will open it (you can tell that
it is a directory (or folder) because of the little folder
symbol beside it).
Double-clicking "pub" brings up a list of directories
and files that are in this directory. Scroll down and find
the directory "windows." Double-click its icon to open this
directory. The resulting display gives a list of files and
directories inside "windows". Scroll down to the directory
labeled "95" and double-click to open it. The resulting
display shows a folder named "winsock"; double-click to
open it. Now scroll down and find the directory "Ping."
Double-click to open this directory.
At this point we are inside the directory "Ping," which
is inside the directory "winsock," which is inside the directory
"95", which is inside the directory "windows", which is
inside the directory "pub." In computer jargon, we would
say that the path to our present location is /pub/windows/95/winsock/Ping,
relative to the "root" directory for the FTP server
on the machine we are accessing.
In the resulting list of files there should be one called
wsping32.zip. This is the file that we are going to download,
so select it with one click of the mouse.
Downloading the File
Before we download, we must decide whether the file is
an ASCII file, (text) or a binary file.
The suffix ".zip" on the file indicates that the file contains
material that has been "archived" and "compressed". In this
context, "archived" means that one or more files or directories
have been grouped together, and "compressed" means that
the files have been rearranged so that they store more efficiently
on a computer (take up less space). Such zip files are always
binary files (see the discussion of
compression & archiving in the Appendices).
Thus, we select the button below the two file lists called
"Binary." (In many cases, the button labeled "Auto" will
cause the WS_FTP LE program to make the correct selection
of "ASCII" or "Binary" automatically, but if you know the
format for certain it is better to specify it.)
Now you need to specify where on your computer you want
to put the file you are about to download. In the list of
files and directories on the left, locate and click on the
folder that you want to use for the destination. If you
do not see this folder in the list, double click the up
arrow at the top of the list to go to the next higher level
directory. (Continue until you find the folder you want
and then click once on it to select.)
Now we are ready to download. Since you want to transfer
the file from the server in Finland (the list of files on
the right) to your computer (the list of files on the left),
just click the arrow in the middle of the display, between
the two lists, that points from the right list to the left
list.
After a while (sometimes you may have to wait a minute
or two if the server is very busy) the file should download
to your computer. It may take a few seconds, or a few minutes,
depending on how fast your network is and (usually most
important) how busy the ftp server is. While the file is
downloading, information will be displayed in the message
area of the WS_FTP LE window, just below
the two file lists, letting you know how the transfer is
progressing.
Using the Program We
Have Downloaded
If your Browser is configured properly, it should have
already launched a program to uncompress and unarchive the
file that you have just downloaded. There should now be
an icon named Wsping32.exe in your destination
folder. Double click this icon, and a window like that shown
in the figure below will open.
The program you have downloaded and unzipped is named
WSPing32. It can be a good trouble shooting tool.
If you experience trouble with unzipping the files, see
the compression
and archiving section. If you want to know more about
Wsping32, click here.
Other Features of WS_FTP
LE
There are many other things that you can do with WS_FTP
LE. For example, you can use it to send a file
from your computer to another computer (often called "Uploading"),
You may find out about these things by reading the program's
help files, which may be accessed with the "Help" button
at the middle bottom of the WS_FTP LE window, as illustrated
in the figure below.
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